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Deep focus: Behind the booming 'handcrafted economy,' ordinary creators turn AI side projects into viable ventures_我的网站

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Still frame from an AI-generated short video depicting the Chinese-style "heavenly court" created by creators Qiguang and Xueli Xianzong (screen names) Photo: Courtesy of QiguangWhat if one person and a computer could create something that wows the world?
Meet Qiguang, a 1991-born eyeglasses store owner whose AI-generated Chinese celestial realm racked up 5 million views overseas.
He is part of a rising movement in China: the "handcrafted economy," in which low-cost AI technologies and creativity are opening a new path to entrepreneurship.A white jade corridor stretches deep into a sea of clouds. The towering celestial palace rises above tiered upturned eaves, and red-crowned cranes glide between floating sanctuaries.
Shared online by viewers without subtitles or dialogue, this AI-generated short video racked up more than 5 million views across overseas social platforms in less than four days, attracting audiences worldwide.
Many overseas viewers assumed the atmospheric visual sequence came from a professional film studio or seasoned 3D animation team.
However, its creator, known online as Qiguang, leads a far more ordinary life. Born in Chengdu, Southwest China's Sichuan Province, in 1991, he now runs a physical optical shop. In his spare time between serving the customers, he taught himself AI image and video generation, painstakingly crafting the viral vision of a Chinese celestial realm.
Qiguang's overnight international fame is no isolated internet success story. It signals the spread of a new trend dubbed the "shoucuo" economy or handcraft economy. The term describes the process of bringing ideas to fruition by hand on a small scale with simple tools, relying mainly on individual skill or manual labor rather than dedicated industrial production lines.
On Chinese social media, the hashtag "Hand-Crafting Everything" has surpassed 100 million views. In app stores, solo developers are launching AI-powered tools that compete directly with products backed by tech giants. This movement, defined by low costs, high creative freedom and flexible, fragmented workflows, is reshaping the national imagination of entrepreneurship.
Two people, one vision of heaven
Few viewers of Qiguang's viral celestial video realized that behind its ethereal beauty stood not a studio of dozens, but just two people, and hundreds of discarded AI attempts.
Qiguang told the Global Times that he had long been fascinated by the grand, ethereal landscapes of Chinese mythology - the celestial palaces and floating realms described in ancient texts. Then he discovered the work of another creator, Xueli Xianzong (screen name), whose AI-generated visuals captured a distinct Eastern aesthetics and minimalist blank-space composition.
"I realized AI could break down the barriers for ordinary people," Qiguang said. "The images I'd held in my mind for so long could finally become visible."
Xueli Xianzong had arrived at a similar realization earlier. For years, he had wanted to visualize the celestial palaces of Chinese fantasy fiction, but traditional 3D modeling and live-action filming were prohibitively expensive for an individual. AI generation tools changed that. He began spending his free time learning text-to-image and image-to-video technologies, carving out a niche in the relatively obscure genre of Chinese fantasy visuals.
The two eventually became creative partners, though their collaboration is unusually loose.
"Mostly we create independently, then share our finished work for critique and inspiration. We absorb aesthetic ideas from each other's visuals and incorporate them into our own," Xueli Xianzong said. "This is how most creators in this space collaborate right now."
But if their creative partnership was remarkably uncomplicated, their struggle with AI itself was anything but straightforward. The process behind a video like "Chinese Heavenly Court" is far more painstaking than audiences have imagined. Qiguang broke it down: First, conceptualize the overall atmosphere and frame each shot's camera movement. Second, use an AI image generation tool to generate high-quality static images for each frame, endlessly tweaking prompts to control architectural details, color palettes, lighting and composition. Third, feed the selected images into AI video-generation models to add dynamic lens effects, like horizontal camera panning, drifting clouds, flowing sleeves. Fourth, sort through the output, discard distorted or broken footage, edit the clips together and finally choose music to match the mood.
"AI frequently produces garbled architecture, deformed figures or unnatural motion," Qiguang said. "You envision something perfect in your mind, but after dozens of generations, you still haven't transformed your vision into reality."
After two years of self-learning, Qiguang regards his biggest breakthrough as escaping generic mass-produced ancient Chinese aesthetics. To him, the handcraft economy differs fundamentally from traditional entrepreneurship at its starting point.
"You can begin with just one person and a single computer, turning ideas directly into content or products. Heavy upfront investment disappears, yet every tedious task, every round of trial and error falls solely on the creator," Qiguang said.
"The AI-assisted handcraft model removes many steep technical barriers. If you possess taste and imagination, you can experiment in your spare time," he noted with a beam of proud.
Guo Yi, a professor at the School of Journalism, Chongqing University, told the Global Times the handcraft economy can be more accurately described as "intelligent creation economy" or "geek creation economy": Human intellect directs computing power, and creativity guides automated tools. In many ways, the movement mirrors the global maker economy.
"Yet generative AI brings transformative changes beyond merely lowering entry costs for creative industries. It is restructuring cost frameworks and production relationships across creative sectors," Guo said.
A fast-growing community
A visitor inquires about AI-powered entrepreneurship solutions at an industry fair hosted by local authorities in Guangzhou, South China's Guangdong Province on March 15, 2026. Photo: VCG

A visitor inquires about AI-powered entrepreneurship solutions at an industry fair hosted by local authorities in Guangzhou, South China's Guangdong Province on March 15, 2026. Photo: VCGIf Qiguang and Xueli Xianzong build dreamlike visuals in the creative clouds, 34-year-old Xu Ting "handcrafts" practical digital products grounded in real demand.
Xu still vividly remembers, in January 2025, publishing a simple post on the social media platform Xiaohongshu: "I want to build an AI app that chats with elderly users and helps them compile life memoirs. Anyone want to join?"
Under conventional internet industry logic, the idea sounded unrealistic. Developing an app once required large teams and millions of capital. But AI rewrote these rules.
Xu previously worked in the energy sector with no coding background. Using domestic large language models including DeepSeek, she assembled a working product prototype block by block. Without dedicated product managers or UI designers, she single-handedly completed market research and product design.
"In the past, many good creative concepts were abandoned simply because their costs were too high. Today, AI has driven down model token costs, making experimentation accessible to ordinary people and drawing growing numbers of newcomers into this space," Xu told the Global Times.
The day after her recruitment post went live, a flood of private messages confirmed genuine market demand.
Li Ning, a professor at Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management, pointed out that traditional entrepreneurship demands heavy investment in research, staffing, supply chains and market testing, discouraging many innovators.
"AI compresses these costs. Small teams working through independent handcrafted development can achieve outputs that once required hundreds of workers. This has also given more people the courage to start their own businesses." Li said.
Beyond gaps in costs, "handcrafted" teams follow different organizational and collaborative frameworks from established enterprises. Li told the Global Times that inside major companies, projects are pushed to deliver steady, foreseeable returns from conception through rollout. This type of environment creates barriers for disruptive ideas to flourish. Handcrafted teams, however, benefit from their lean size: They can shift direction quickly and iterate through constant trial and error.
"This has also given more people the courage to start their own businesses," he said.
Xueli Xianzong identified four core distinctions between the handcrafted economy and traditional entrepreneurship: low barriers to entry; creativity as the core while tools remain carriers; flexible collaboration without formal incorporation or fixed teams; and low trial-and-error costs, allowing creators to explore niche verticals without financial ruin.
According to Alibaba Cloud, the cloud computing arm of China's internet giant Alibaba, as of November 2025, nearly 23,000 AI applications have been built within the innovation zone on its ModelScope open-source platform, and roughly 95 percent of them were developed by individual creators.
Data from the "2026 China One Person Company (OPC) Industry White Paper" and sector reports show more than 16 million registered OPCs across China, as of April 2026.
Navigating headwinds for the creators
Yet if AI has flattened the technical playing field, what truly determines success? For those riding the wave of the handcrafted economy, the AI era offers a double-edged promise: unprecedented freedom to turn ideas into reality, paired with formidable obstacles that test resilience at every turn.
For Qiguang, it is the ability to perceive beauty: innate aesthetic judgment and imagination.
Xu argues that the most vital asset for new entrants is not capital, but sharp insight into unmet real-world needs. "AI excels at execution. Figuring out what to build is far harder than building it," Xu said.
The true competitive edge lies in translating technical capability into tangible user value. "Identify genuine underserved demands and turn technological capacity into value for users. Technology determines whether you can build a product. Understanding users, patience for iterative refinement and long-term trust determine how far a micro-venture can travel," she noted.
But even with the right instincts, the path from idea to market is anything but smooth. The explosive growth of handcrafted products brings steep challenges on that journey.
Xueli Xianzong noted AI enables cheap copying and imitation, while individual creators face exorbitant legal costs to defend their works. When infringement costs remain far lower than enforcement costs, creative enthusiasm inevitably fades.
Beyond intellectual property, creators must escape overreliance on fleeting online traffic. Qiguang observed platform algorithms tend to prioritize snappy, conflict-driven short content, while slow, culturally rich expression struggles to gain traction. He refuses to churn out formulaic commercial drama series chasing view counts, choosing instead to deepen grand storytelling.
"The handcrafted economy is no shortcut to quick wealth. It demands patience through periods of little reward," Qiguang said, noting that new participants need sufficient time and a willingness to endure repeated trial and error.
From an app development perspective, Xu highlighted another tension: balancing customized service and standardized workflows. If every project relies entirely on manual handcrafted labor, founders risk being trapped in high-intensity, low-profit self-employment. The sector needs mature workflows, delivery benchmarks and pricing frameworks. Tasks suitable for standardization can shift to AI, while human empathy and critical judgment stay central. Privacy and ethical safeguards also grow critical, especially for services handling personal memories and sensitive information.
Guo views inconsistent quality standards as typical growing pains, which market filtering mechanisms will gradually resolve. Delayed intellectual property frameworks and emerging governance challenges, however, require thoughtful ongoing policy attention, he said.
Authorities across China have begun rolling out supportive measures to address these obstacles. Over 20 cities have launched targeted policies for OPCs. The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area offers streamlined business registration services for solo entrepreneurs, delivering business licenses in as little as 30 minutes. Qingdao in East China's Shandong Province rolled out a specialized platform for solo entrepreneurs, delivering end-to-end support for AI innovators from technical development to revenue generation.
At the same time, a network of OPC communities has taken shape. As of May 2026, 426 such communities operate across 28 provincial-level regions and 65 cities. These hubs provide physical workspace alongside networking events, resource matching and mentorship, connecting previously isolated solo creators into a connected ecosystem.
Still frame from an AI-generated short video depicting the Chinese-style

Still frame from an AI-generated short video depicting the Chinese-style "heavenly court" created by creators Qiguang and Xueli Xianzong (screen names) Photo: Courtesy of QiguangNow, Qiguang continues running his optical shop full-time, pursuing AI creation only as a side project with no immediate path to full-time work or large-scale earnings. Both Qiguan and Xueli Xianzong say they will consider full-time creative work only when industry conditions and monetization models mature further. Still, they view handcrafted creation merely as a starting point rather than a final destination, and remain optimistic that this grass-roots creative movement holds vast untapped potential ahead.
Huo Minhan contributed to this story
。新智元报道上海世博展览馆，WAIC 2026，H1-A530展位前围了三层人。最抓眼球的是入口处的「零售区」。一个观众随手在点餐台下了单。几秒钟后，机器人「听到」了指令，头顶的「眼睛」一扫，灵巧手伸进塞满饮料的货架层里，精准抽出目标瓶子，转身送到前台。工业区更热闹：两台人形机器人在「搭班干活」——一台搬运料筐，另一台从筐里抓取工件精准放到指定位置。旁边展示直接挑战了机器视觉领域公认的「老大难」——透明物体识别。透明瓶子、塑料袋包装、反光饮料罐混在一起，对传统相机来说几乎是「隐形」的，但这台机器人看它们跟看积木似的，抓得又快又稳。这是2026年7月的上海，WAIC开到第九年。

B | 今年具身智能第一次与智算并列为两大核心赛道，超过200家具身智能企业到场，人形机器人几乎挤满了整个展馆。

C | 但在这片热闹里，有一家公司做的事有点「反常」——它不造机器人。回过头看刚才的画面：货架取货的是人形机器人，高速抓取的是工业机械臂，线束装配的又是另一种形态。形态不同，任务不同，物体更是千差万别——布偶、螺母、透明瓶子、柔性线束。但它们表现出来的能力却是相似的：都看得清环境，都理解任务，都能规划动作、精准执行。

D | 为什么？答案不是梅卡曼德造出了一台「万能机器人」，而是：它造机器人的「眼睛」「大脑」和「手」，然后把这一套装进不同的身体里。就像安卓不造手机，但可以让所有手机都能跑同一套系统。智能大于形态机器人不会只有一种身体全行业都在问：具身智能的终极形态是什么？很多人回答「人形机器人」。但这个逻辑有问题。工厂要的是快准稳的机械臂，人形反而笨重；仓库要的是能满场跑的轮式机器人，两条腿不如轮子效率高；便利店要在货架间穿梭的服务机器人，全尺寸人形连转身都费劲；家庭场景更不用说——橱柜下面那点空间，你让一米七的机器人蹲下去够东西？不同环境天然需要不同的身体，用一种形态解决所有问题，就像用一把螺丝刀拆所有电器——理论上也许行，实际上一定不行。梅卡曼德创始人邵天兰在达沃斯世界经济论坛上说过：物理AI不指向某一种具体形态，而是一套通用能力。真正决定机器人有没有产业价值的，不是它像不像人，而是能不能快速适应复杂环境、完成真实任务、用足够低的成本实现部署。所以梅卡曼德的策略是「一脑多形」：同一套「眼脑手」，装进人形机器人、双臂轮式机器人、半身人形机器人、工业机械臂都行。身体百花齐放没关系，脑子得是同一颗。这颗「大脑」到底长什么样 Mech-GPT多模态大模型是整套系统的核心，不只是个听懂人话的聊天模型。给它一句「把货架第二层左边那个蓝瓶子拿过来」，它得先弄清你要哪个瓶子，再用「眼睛」看清现场，然后把这句话拆成一串动作：移到架前、伸手、抓稳、退出、送到前台。

E | 难的是现场随时在变。瓶子被碰歪、位置偏了、冒出新障碍，大脑就得当场改计划。所以这颗「脑」至少干四件事：理解任务、感知环境、规划行动、监督完成——把「想做什么」「现场什么样」「下一步怎么走」「做完没有」串成一条闭环。

F | 这就是物理智能和文本智能最大的不同：答题，打完字就结束；干活，只有瓶子真拿到、工件真放准、插头真插进，才算完成。比如，现场Mech-GPT多模态大模型的人机交互单元演示。

G | 观众走到屏幕前，用自然语言跟机器人「聊天」——你可以随口说「把积木按顺序排好」，它听得懂、想得明白、做得到。不是固定的语音指令识别，而是真正理解你在说什么、你想干什么。播放下一个打开循环播放 00:00 / 00:00 倍速 3.0X 2.0X 1.5X 1.25X 1.0X 0.75X 0.5X 多音轨 AirPlay 0 静音播放中，点击恢复音量画中画网页全屏全屏你可以刷新试试视频信息 1.33.6 播放信息上传日志调试信息 [X] 视频ID VID - 播放流水 Flowid - 播放内核 Kernel - 显示器信息 Res - 帧数 - 缓冲健康度 - 网络活动 net - 视频分辨率 - 编码 Codec - mystery mystery - 按住画面移动小窗再说「手」。

H | 光知道该做什么还不够，还得做到。

I | 世界动作模型配合新一代Mech-Hand灵巧手，把高层指令翻译成抓、捻、拿、握、敲、插接等精细动作。

J | WAIC现场亚毫米级线束装配，就是「手」的极致体现。最后说「眼」。高精度3D视觉加上透明物体成像算法，让机器人在复杂光线、杂乱料框、狭窄货架中精准识别物体的位置、形状和材质。传统算法面前一个玻璃杯和「什么都没有」差不多，但梅卡曼德的算法能把透明瓶子看得清清楚楚。一句话：眼睛看清世界，大脑理解任务，手把想法变成动作。三者合在一起，不是某台机器人的专属技能包，而是一套通用智能底座。通用性和泛化性不是口号，要靠难题来证明「通用」和「泛化」在AI行业快被说烂了。梅卡曼德在WAIC上的回答是：你说「通用」和「泛化」，我用场景验证。跨形态——同一套智能进入人形机器人、双臂轮式机器人、工业机械臂，形态不同，都能干活。跨物体——不只认识规则工业零件，还认识几百种日化、食品、玩具、文具，连透明的、柔软的、反光的都能识别。在WAIC现场的分拣单元，面前堆了几百种乱七八糟的物体——日化用品、文具、水果、蔬菜、玩具、零食——十几种类别，机器人一件件拿起来，扫一眼，准确丢进对应的分类框。跨环境——深筐、货架、流水线、狭窄空间都能应对。跨任务——搬运、分拣、装配、取货、协同作业，不需要每换任务就从头开发。但更关键的是硬指标。工业客户不关心动作帅不帅，就看核心指标：速度、成功率、精度等。高速抓取单件小于2.4秒，线束装配亚毫米级，双机协同全程无人干预——这说明梅卡曼德展示的不是实验室Demo，而是接近真实生产要求的系统。比如，现场中一只机械臂在杂乱料框里高速翻找，每抓一个五角螺母不到2.4秒。

K | 你还没看清怎么定位的，零件已经稳稳落在传送带上。真正的护城河：从1套到27000套具身智能有一个残酷真相：让机器人成功表演一次不难，难的是换工厂、换国家、换物体后，还能快速上线稳定运行。难的不是Demo，是部署。

L | 邵天兰说过一句很实在的话：问题不在硬件。速度、精度、负载、成本，今天的机器人都够用了。真正限制规模化的，是部署难度。真实工业环境里，一套系统要稳定跑起来，往往得机械、电气、方案、软件、AI一大帮工程师折腾几周甚至几个月。

M | 这种「手工作坊」式交付没法复制，成本摊不下来，最终「算不过账」。梅卡曼德的解法是用标准化「眼脑手」组件，打通「感知—决策—规划—执行—数据反馈」的完整闭环，尽量减少人工调试。而部署量够大后，一个更强的机制开始启动——数据飞轮。机器人在汽车、物流、锂电、3C、家电的真实产线上，每天都在遇到新物体、新光线、新任务：大规模应用产生真实数据→数据提升模型泛化性→模型降低部署难度→更快进入更多行业。飞轮一旦转起来，后来者追赶的难度是几何级增长的——你追的是一个越跑越快的对手。而这套能力的规模，早已不只在国内。截至目前，梅卡曼德全球累计部署超过27000套产品。能在完全不同的工厂标准、机器人品牌、集成商体系里都稳定落地，靠的不是把货卖出去，而是十年、27000套一个个磨出来的兼容性。 27000套，不是27000次演示——每一套都在真实产线上跑着。全球化不是卖货是一种综合能力「全球化」不只是把产品卖到海外。真正难的是：能不能适应不同国家的工厂标准？兼容当地主流机器人品牌？跟当地集成商体系打通？提供及时的本地服务？这考验的是研发、标准化、交付和服务的综合能力。梅卡曼德覆盖近50个国家和地区，服务100多家《财富》世界500强客户，国内细分领域连续6年市占率第一。它在美、日、韩、德都设有团队，能适配市面上几十个品牌、上千个型号的机器人，欧美日韩主流市场市占率领先。